Explaining the Impact of Educational Equity on Reducing Learning Gaps in Contemporary Education Systems

Abstract

This study aims to explain the role of educational equity in reducing learning gaps and to identify its key mechanisms in contemporary education systems. This qualitative review adopted an interpretive–analytical approach based exclusively on systematic literature review. Fifteen peer-reviewed articles were selected through purposive sampling according to predefined inclusion criteria, and analysis continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis with open, axial, and selective coding supported by NVivo 14 software. The findings indicate that educational equity significantly reduces learning gaps through fair resource distribution, improvement of teaching quality, effective educational leadership, targeted support for vulnerable students, and the development of inclusive learning environments. Social factors such as family participation, cultural capital, and community support were also identified as critical moderators of educational inequality. Key outcomes of educational equity include improved academic achievement, enhanced student motivation, reduced dropout rates, and strengthened human capital development. Educational equity constitutes a central and sustainable strategy for reducing learning disparities and improving educational quality in contemporary education systems, requiring integrated attention to structural, school-level, and social dimensions.