Analyzing the Evolution of Educational Assessment Approaches from Traditional Testing to Evidence-Based Formative Assessment
Keywords:
Educational Assessment, Formative Assessment, Learning Evidence, Deep Learning, Educational ReformAbstract
This study aims to comprehensively analyze the conceptual and functional transformation of educational assessment and explain the role of evidence-based formative assessment in improving learning quality. This research adopted a qualitative review design using thematic analysis based on a systematic literature review. Fifteen high-quality scholarly articles were purposively selected until theoretical saturation was achieved. Data were analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding using NVivo 14 software. The findings revealed that the shift from traditional assessment to evidence-based formative assessment enhances deep learning, cognitive engagement, self-efficacy, instructional decision-making, educational equity, and transforms school culture from score-oriented to learning-oriented. Learning evidence and constructive feedback emerged as central mechanisms of this transformation. Evidence-based formative assessment constitutes a fundamental pillar of effective educational systems and plays a decisive role in the sustainable improvement of learning quality.
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